Data types are one of the building blocks of python.
And You can do a lot of things with data types!
Fact: In python, all data types are implemented as an object.
A data type is like a specification of what kind of data we would like to store in memory and python has some built-in data types in these categories:
Text type: str
Numeric types: int, float, complex
Sequence types: list, tuple, range
Mapping type: dict
Set types: set, frozenset
Boolean type: bool
Binary types: bytes, bytearray, memoryview
Now, let’s demystify all these data types by using the type() function to display the variable's data type.
Text type
str
str stands for a string in python used for storing text in python.
Strings can be written either in single quotes or double quotes in python, hence your choice.
Example:
Output:
Hello, world!
<class 'str'>
Numeric types
int
- int stands for integer used to store integers (positive and negative numbers).
Example:
Output:
4
<class 'int'>
float
- float stands for floating-point numbers (decimal point numbers)
Example:
Output:
3.14
<class 'float'>
complex
Complex numbers have real and imaginary parts, which are each floating point number.
Complex numbers can be written in two forms:
real + (imag)j
complex(real, imag)
Example:
Output:
(5+10j)
<class 'complex'>
Sequence types
list
A list is data type where you can store a collection of data
A list can also contain different data types
A list is ordered and changeable and allows duplicate members
Example:
Output:
['Captain America', 'Iron Man', 'Thor', 'Hulk', 'Black Widow', 'Hawkeye']
<class 'list'>
tuple
A tuple is data type where you can store a collection of data
A tuple can also contain different data types
A tuple is ordered and unchangeable and allows duplicate members
Example:
Output:
('Captain America', 'Iron Man', 'Thor', 'Hulk', 'Black Widow', 'Hawkeye')
<class 'tuple'>
range
The range type represents an immutable (unchangeable) sequence of numbers
Commonly used for looping a specific number of times in for loops.
Example:
Output:
range(0, 10)
<class 'range'>
Mapping type
dict
dict stands for dictionary in python
Dictionaries are used to store data values in key:value pairs
A dictionary is a collection which is unordered, changeable and does not allow duplicates
Example:
Output:
{'Learning': 'Programming', 'Language': 'Python', 'Day': 4}
<class 'dict'>
Set types
set
A set is data type where you can store a collection of data
A set can also contain different data types
A set is unordered and unindexed and allows no duplicate members
Example:
Output:
{'Black Widow', 'Iron Man', 'Thor', 'Hawkeye', 'Hulk', 'Captain America'}
<class 'set'>
frozenset
frozenset data type can be created by frozenset() function
The frozenset() function accepts an iterable and returns an unchangeable frozenset object (which is like a set object, only immutable)
Example:
Output:
frozenset({'cherry', 'banana', 'apple'})
<class 'frozenset'>
Boolean type
bool
bool stands for boolean in python
Booleans represent one of two values: True or False
Example:
Output:
True
<class 'bool'>
False
<class 'bool'>
Binary types
bytes
the bytes data type can be created in two forms:
bytes() function
prefix ‘b’
Example:
Output:
b'hello'
<class 'bytes'>
b'Hello'
<class 'bytes'>
bytearray
bytearray() function returns a bytearray object
It can convert objects into bytearray objects
Example:
Output:
bytearray(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')
<class 'bytearray'>
memoryview
- memoryview() function returns a memory view object from a specified object
Example:
Output:
<memory at 0x2b4f7a8a7408>
<class 'memoryview'>
Note
As you might have observed earlier, some data types can also be implemented using their constructors.
This same technique can also be applied to every data type.
Example:
Output:
Hello, World!
4
3.14
(5+10j)
['Captain America', 'Iron Man', 'Thor', 'Hulk', 'Black Widow', 'Hawkeye']
('Captain America', 'Iron Man', 'Thor', 'Hulk', 'Black Widow', 'Hawkeye')
range(0, 10)
{'Learning': 'Programming', 'Language': 'Python', 'Day': 4}
{'apple', 'cherry', 'banana'}
frozenset({'banana', 'cherry', 'apple'})
True
False
b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
bytearray(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')
<memory at 0x2b8346a29408>
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